The Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon, Myanmar, stands as a testament to the enduring power of faith and a dazzling display of artistry. More than just a tourist attraction, it is the most sacred religious monument in Myanmar, a spiritual heart resonating with the devotion of generations. A visit to this magnificent structure is an essential experience for anyone traveling to this Southeast Asian nation.
Perched majestically atop Singuttara Hill, the Shwedagon Pagoda’s golden stupa dominates the Yangon skyline. Towering to a height of 325 feet (99 meters), its gilded surface shimmers under the Burmese sun, a beacon visible from afar. The pagoda’s core is constructed of brick, a sturdy foundation upon which centuries of devotion have been layered. This foundation is then enveloped in layer upon layer of gold plating. These gold layers are not merely aesthetic; they represent the accumulated generosity of monarchs, dignitaries, and ordinary citizens from across the globe. The estimated value of this golden cloak is staggering, reaching approximately $1.4 million US dollars.
But the gold is only the beginning. The Shwedagon Pagoda is a symphony of ornamentation, a breathtaking display of craftsmanship and precious materials. A chorus of 4,016 gold-plated bells sway gently in the breeze, their delicate chimes adding to the spiritual ambiance. And then there are the jewels. A staggering 83,850 precious stones adorn the monument, a glittering constellation of faith. Among these are 5,448 diamonds, their facets catching the light and scattering it in a dazzling display. Interspersed with the diamonds are 2,317 rubies, sapphires, and other gems, each adding its unique hue to the overall spectacle. As dusk descends and the pagoda is illuminated, this ornate adornment creates a mesmerizing glow, transforming the sacred space into a realm of ethereal beauty.
Beyond the central stupa, a walk around the pagoda complex reveals a wealth of Buddha statues, ancient relics, and historical artifacts. These treasures offer a glimpse into the rich history and profound spiritual traditions that have shaped Myanmar for over 2,500 years.
A Journey Through Time: The History of Shwedagon
The origins of the Shwedagon Pagoda are shrouded in the mists of time. Archaeologists believe that construction began sometime between the 6th and 10th centuries AD, making it arguably the oldest Buddhist stupa in the world. The legend surrounding its creation adds another layer of intrigue.
According to tradition, two merchant brothers, Tapussa and Bhallika, encountered the Buddha himself. As a gift of immense spiritual significance, the Buddha bestowed upon them eight strands of his hair. Returning to their kingdom, the brothers sought the counsel of their ruler, King Okkalapa, on how best to honor this sacred relic.
The king, guided by ancient prophecies, knew that other relics of previous Buddhas were buried somewhere on Singuttara Hill. After a painstaking search, these relics were unearthed: the staff of Kakusandha, the water filter of Konagamana, and a piece of the robe of Kassapa. King Okkalapa, recognizing the profound significance of these treasures, decided to enshrine them all in one sacred place. Thus, the Shwedagon Pagoda was built, a reliquary for the ages.
The history of the pagoda is not one of static perfection, but rather a story of constant evolution and renewal. In 1485, a pivotal moment occurred when the practice of gilding the stupa began. The impetus for this act of devotion came from Queen Shin Sawbu, who donated her own weight in gold to plate the monument. This act of royal generosity inspired further contributions, leading to the complete gilding of the structure.
Throughout the centuries, the Shwedagon Pagoda has witnessed the ebb and flow of Burmese history. The last major rebuilding took place in 1789, resulting in the structure we see today. Remarkably, the pagoda has withstood the test of time, surviving pillage by British troops, the tumultuous political activity surrounding Myanmar’s independence movement in the 1930s, and repeated damage from earthquakes. Its resilience is a testament to the enduring spirit of the Burmese people and the unwavering power of their faith.
Planning Your Visit: When to Go
Choosing the right time to visit the Shwedagon Pagoda can significantly enhance your experience. Weekdays are generally quieter than weekends, offering a more serene atmosphere for contemplation and exploration.
Beyond the general ebb and flow of visitors, certain times of the year are particularly noteworthy. Buddhist holidays, such as Vassa (Buddhist Lent, usually beginning in July), Losar (the Buddhist New Year, in February), and Pavarana (in October), draw large crowds of devotees, creating a vibrant and festive atmosphere. While these occasions offer a unique cultural experience, be prepared for larger crowds and potentially longer wait times.
Myanmar’s climate also plays a crucial role in determining the best time to visit. The dry season, which runs from April through September, offers warm and sunny weather, making it ideal for sightseeing. During this period, roads are generally passable, and outdoor exploration is a pleasure.
However, the months of June, July, and August are typically the rainiest, and may not be the best for sightseeing. The monsoon season can bring heavy downpours and occasional flooding, which can disrupt travel plans and limit outdoor activities.
Consider visiting the pagoda in the early morning to enjoy softer light for photography. The temperatures during the dry season can climb to almost 100 degrees Fahrenheit by midday, making an early morning visit a welcome respite from the heat. Alternatively, visiting the Shwedagon Pagoda after dark is an entirely different, equally enchanting experience. The illuminated structure is a sight to behold, casting a golden glow against the night sky. An ideal itinerary might include a visit in the morning to explore the pagoda in the daylight, followed by an evening return to witness its illuminated splendor.
Getting There and Getting Around
Yangon International Airport (RGN) is the primary gateway for international travelers. Upon arrival, you can easily take a shuttle to your accommodation in downtown Yangon. The Shwedagon Pagoda is located on Sanguttara Hill in the Dagon Township, a relatively short 10- to 15-minute taxi ride from downtown.
Taxis are readily available throughout Yangon, and any driver will be familiar with the route to the pagoda. It is not necessary to arrange for the driver to wait for you, as a plentiful supply of taxis will be waiting near the pagoda’s exits. While Yangon taxis are generally reasonably priced, be aware that prices may be slightly inflated for tourists visiting the pagoda. Don’t hesitate to negotiate the fare with your driver before setting off.
Respectful Attire: Dressing for the Sacred Space
When visiting temples and religious sites in Southeast Asia, it is generally expected that you dress conservatively, covering your knees and shoulders. However, the Shwedagon Pagoda has stricter rules. Since the pagoda is a very active place of worship, with monks, pilgrims, and devotees mingling among tourists, it is especially important to dress respectfully.
Both men and women should wear clothing that covers the knees. Longyi, a traditional sarong-style garment, are available for rent at the entrances should you arrive wearing shorts. Shoulders should also be covered, and avoid wearing shirts with religious themes or offensive messages (including skulls). The pagoda’s website claims that elbow-length shirts are required, though this is rarely enforced. Tight-fitting or revealing clothing is not permitted.
In addition to clothing, footwear is also regulated. You will be expected to remove your shoes and leave them at the entrance for a small fee. This fee ensures that your shoes are safely looked after at a designated counter. You will receive a numbered claim check, so there is no need to worry about losing your shoes. Socks and stockings are not allowed; you must remain barefoot throughout your visit to the pagoda.
Essential Tips for a Meaningful Visit
- Hire a Guide: A local guide can provide invaluable insights into the history, symbolism, and religious significance of the pagoda.
- Bring Water: Staying hydrated is essential, especially during the hot season.
- Sun Protection: Wear sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses to protect yourself from the sun.
- Photography: Photography is generally permitted, but be respectful of worshippers and avoid using flash in sensitive areas.
- Donations: Donations are gratefully accepted and help support the maintenance of the pagoda.
Exploring Beyond the Pagoda: Nearby Attractions
Yangon offers a wealth of other attractions to explore. Kandawgyi Lake, a man-made lake once used as the city’s water supply, is located close to the pagoda and features a carnival-like park along its banks. Bogyoke Market, also known as Scott Market, is Yangon’s main marketplace, a bustling hub where you can find gems, clothing, stamps, coins, and tourist souvenirs. A visit to the Taukkyan War Cemetery provides a somber but moving experience, allowing you to stroll through the final resting place of over 6,000 soldiers who fought for the Allied cause in World War II.
A visit to the Shwedagon Pagoda is more than just a sightseeing excursion; it is an immersion into the heart and soul of Myanmar. By understanding its history, respecting its traditions, and embracing its beauty, you can create a truly unforgettable experience.
