Passau, a city steeped in history and blessed with remarkable natural beauty, beckons travelers with its unique charm and multifaceted appeal. Founded over two millennia ago, this Bavarian gem holds a significant place in Roman history and stands as a testament to centuries of cultural and religious influence. As a prominent stop on many European river cruises, Passau offers a wealth of attractions that cater to diverse interests, making it an unforgettable destination.
Nestled on the border with Austria, Passau proudly bears the title of "City of Three Rivers," a moniker earned from the confluence of the Danube, Inn, and Ilz rivers amidst a landscape of rolling hills. This strategic location has shaped the city’s destiny, fostering its growth into a center of trade and commerce from Roman times to the present day. The city’s architectural landscape, reminiscent of Northern Italy, coupled with its stunning natural surroundings, has solidified its reputation as a must-see destination in Germany, often referred to as the "Venice of Bavaria."
Embark on a journey through the heart of this captivating city, discovering the top 16 things to do in Passau, each offering a glimpse into its rich history, vibrant culture, and breathtaking scenery.
1. View the Meeting Point of Three Rivers
Passau’s identity is inextricably linked to its three rivers: the Danube, the Inn, and the Ilz. Their convergence creates a mesmerizing spectacle, a swirling tapestry of waters each bearing a distinct hue. The Danube, the grandest of the three, flows in with a darker, almost black, color. The Inn, originating from the Alps, carries a greenish tint, while the Ilz, originating from a moorland, contributes a grayer hue. The meeting of these distinct rivers creates a stunning visual effect, a vibrant demonstration of nature’s artistry.
To fully appreciate this natural wonder, ascend to one of the city’s elevated vantage points, offering a panoramic view of the confluence. Alternatively, stroll along the Innpromenade, a delightful path for pedestrians and cyclists that traces the riverbank. Here, you can witness the rivers’ dance up close. Find a spot on the grassy banks, perfect for a relaxing picnic, and keep an eye out for the statue of Emerenz Meier, a celebrated local author and poet who drew inspiration from the city’s beauty.
2. See the Biggest Organ in Europe
Dominating Passau’s skyline is the magnificent St. Stephen’s Cathedral (Dom St. Stephan), a Baroque masterpiece that serves as the city’s spiritual and architectural heart. The cathedral’s tiled roof and soaring spire are instantly recognizable, a testament to its enduring presence since its founding in 730 AD. This is the largest Baroque cathedral north of the Alps.
But the true treasure of St. Stephen’s lies within its walls: one of the largest church organs in the world. The organ’s history dates back to 1733, with additions and enhancements made over the centuries. Today, it boasts nearly 18,000 pipes, over 200 registers, and four chimes, comprising five distinct organs connected through six consoles. The instrument’s complexity is matched by its versatility, with some sections utilizing mechanical action and others employing modern electric action. Remarkably, a single master organist can play the entire instrument, unleashing its full sonic potential.
From May to October, except on Sundays and holidays, a 30-minute concert is held daily at noon. The cost is €5. The concert provides an opportunity to immerse yourself in the organ’s majestic sound while admiring the cathedral’s intricate Baroque decorations and vibrant frescoes. For a more extended experience, attend one of the longer concerts held on Thursday evenings.
3. Look Down from a Fortress
For the most breathtaking views of Passau and its three rivers, make your way to Veste Oberhaus, a formidable fortress perched atop St. Georgsberg. Built in 1219, the fortress served as a symbol of the Holy Roman Empire’s power in the region. Its strategic location overlooking the river junction made it an ideal defensive stronghold and now serves as a spectacular vantage point.
Veste Oberhaus reflects the architectural styles of various eras, blending Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque elements. Today, the fortress houses a museum showcasing the history and art of Passau, offering visitors a deeper understanding of the city’s past. The fortress also houses a youth hostel (Jugendherberge), a restaurant, and an open-air theater, providing diverse experiences within its historic walls.
If the climb to the fortress seems daunting, shuttle buses are available from the city center, ensuring that everyone can enjoy the panoramic views.
4. Climb the Heavenly Ladder
For a spiritual journey with breathtaking views, ascend the "Heavenly Ladder," a staircase of 321 covered steps leading to the Mariahilf Monastery. Traditionally, pilgrims would kneel and pray at each step, transforming the ascent into a meditative experience.
Upon reaching the monastery, visitors can explore its serene grounds and simple yet elegant architecture. The monastery features a Rococo chapel, paintings by Bergler, and historical remnants from wars against the Turks. The old sacristy houses a pilgrimage museum with a treasury of silver artifacts, offering insights into the region’s religious history.
5. Step Back into Roman Times
Passau’s history extends far beyond its medieval and Baroque periods, reaching back to the era of the Roman Empire. The area was settled between 250 and 450 AD, serving as an Episcopal seat of the Roman Empire in 739 AD.
At the Römermuseum, discover artifacts and excavations that shed light on Passau’s Roman past. The museum, established in 1982 after the site’s discovery in 1974, presents a film detailing the archaeological site’s development and showcases over 600 exhibits.
For younger visitors, a playground outside the museum offers a welcome break from history.
6. Snap a Picture of the Tower
The Schaibling Tower (Schaiblingsturm) stands as an iconic landmark of Passau, its crisp white silhouette a striking contrast against the river and sky. Built in the 14th century, the tower served as a fortified structure, protecting the harbor and storing powder and salt for trade.
Throughout its history, the Schaibling Tower has served various purposes, from housing Hitler Youth to serving as a high school and a haven for artists. Renovated in 2004 and repaired after a flood in 2013, the tower continues to stand as a symbol of Passau’s resilience and adaptability.
7. Mark the Floods on the Old Town Hall
Like many German cities, Passau’s Alte Rathaus (Old Town Hall) serves as a focal point of the town. The building’s 14th-century neo-Gothic spire is visible from throughout the city.
Located on the banks of the Danube, the Old Town Hall bears witness to the river’s power, with watermarks near the entrance indicating the high-water levels reached during past floods.
Inside, the Great Assembly Room features ornate stained-glass windows depicting historical events in Passau, as well as works by renowned German artist Ferdinand Wagner.
8. Explore Artists Alley
Höllgasse, also known as "Artists’ Alley," invites visitors to explore its narrow, cobblestone path lined with artisan shops and art galleries. Follow the rainbow painted on the street to discover a vibrant array of local art, with paintings displayed outdoors on sunny days.
Höllgasse offers the perfect opportunity to shop for unique souvenirs and support local artists. For additional shopping opportunities, visit the Sunday market or, during the Christmas season, the Weihnachtsmarkt (Christmas market) in the Altstadt (Old Town), where you can savor Glühwein and Stollen.
9. Eat Traditional Bavarian Cuisine
Immerse yourself in Bavarian culture at Wirtshaus Bayerischer Löwe, a restaurant adorned in the Bavarian colors of blue and white. The restaurant’s name, meaning "Bavarian Lion," evokes the region’s iconic symbol.
Located in the heart of the Altstadt, this restaurant offers a delectable array of traditional Bavarian dishes, including Weisswurst, Schweinshaxe, and Spätzle.
The spacious Biergarten provides a pleasant setting for outdoor dining during the warmer months, while the restaurant remains family-friendly throughout the year. On Sundays, children eat for free, making it an even more appealing destination for families.
10. Marvel at the Riches of the Bishop’s Palace
The Neue Bischöfliche Residenz (New Episcopal Residence), with its crisp details, stands out among the other buildings in the area. The palace, dating back to the 1700s, served as the residence of the bishop, occupying an entire square and offering a tranquil courtyard.
Inside, the Museum of the Treasure of the Cathedral showcases the riches of Passau when it served as the capital of the largest diocese of the Holy Roman Empire. The rococo stairways and the fresco of the Gods of Olympus are among the highlights.
11. Visit the Oldest Church in Passau
While St. Stephen’s Cathedral may be Passau’s most prominent church, St. Paul’s Church holds the distinction of being the oldest.
Founded in 1050 and dedicated to St. Paul, the church features a Baroque style, with a black and gold altar.
12. Examine the World’s Largest Collection of European Glass
The Glasmuseum Passau (Passau Glass Museum) houses the world’s largest collection of European glass, with over 30,000 exhibits showcasing the art of glassmaking throughout the centuries.
The museum traces the evolution of glassmaking techniques, reflecting the styles of Baroque, Rococo, Jugendstil, Biedermeier, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco. The collection includes a notable number of Loetz pieces, including Hofstätter vases from the 1900 Paris Exposition.
13. Contemplate Modern Art
The Museum of Modern Art in Passau, located on the banks of the Danube, features a collection of modern art by German and international artists. Founded by the son of local artist Georg Philipp Wörlen, the museum’s permanent collection includes Wörlen’s cubist and expressionist works.
14. Go to a 17th-Century Theater
The Landestheater Niederbayern, Passau’s city theater, has a rich history. Founded in 1645 as a ball house by Prince-Bishop Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, it has served as various artistic venues. Today, it hosts opera, musicals, concerts, and dramatic performances, accommodating an audience of 350.
15. Laugh With the Germans
The ScharfrichterHaus, a restaurant and political cabaret, is a popular venue for German comedians to share their commentary on life.
The building, dating back to 1200, derives its name from "executioner’s house." The café is modeled after a Viennese coffeehouse, while the restaurant offers a more formal dining experience.
16. Cruise the Danube
Passau’s location on the Danube makes it a perfect stop for river cruises. Whether you embark on a day trip or an overnight stay, Passau offers enough attractions to fill your time.
If you prefer to watch the ships from the land, Fritz-Schaffer Promenade juts into the Danube, providing an ideal vantage point.
