Rwanda, a nation renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and thriving wildlife, boasts a collection of exceptional national parks. While Volcanoes National Park, home to the majestic mountain gorillas, Akagera National Park, with its classic savanna scenery, and Nyungwe National Park, a haven of ancient rainforest, often steal the spotlight, there exists a fourth gem, often overlooked, yet equally deserving of recognition: Gishwati-Mukura National Park.
Nestled within the Kivu Belt region of northwestern Rwanda, Gishwati-Mukura National Park is not a single, contiguous forest, but rather a tapestry woven from two distinct woodlands: the larger Gishwati Forest and the more diminutive Mukura Forest. These forests, separated by a buffer zone stretching approximately 30 miles, represent more than just a collection of trees; they embody a powerful narrative of conservation, resilience, and the enduring spirit of Rwanda.
Unlike many national parks that primarily serve to safeguard pristine natural environments, Gishwati-Mukura National Park stands as a testament to proactive ecological restoration. It is not simply about preserving what remains, but about actively healing a landscape scarred by decades of environmental degradation, making it a unique and compelling destination for eco-conscious travelers.
A History of Healing: From Deforestation to National Park
The story of Gishwati-Mukura National Park is one of profound transformation. Once, a vast expanse of Afro-montane rainforest stretched uninterrupted along the Congo-Nile Divide, the imposing mountain range that demarcates the watersheds of the Congo and Nile rivers. This ancient forest served as a vital ecological corridor, supporting a rich tapestry of biodiversity and playing a critical role in regulating regional climate patterns.
However, the passage of time brought with it a series of challenges. Illegal mining operations, the relentless expansion of livestock farming, widespread deforestation for timber and agriculture, and the resettlement of communities displaced in the aftermath of the Rwandan Genocide took a devastating toll on the forest. By the early 21st century, this once-mighty ecosystem had been reduced to fragmented remnants, teetering on the brink of collapse.
Recognizing the urgent need for intervention, a bold conservation project was launched in 2007 with the aim of rescuing the remaining forests of Gishwati and Mukura. Through tireless efforts involving reforestation, community engagement, and the implementation of sustainable land management practices, the project began to yield tangible results. This culminated in the formal establishment of Gishwati-Mukura National Park in 2015, marking a significant milestone in Rwanda’s commitment to environmental stewardship. In December 2020, a new chapter began as portions of the park opened to the public for the first time, inviting visitors to witness firsthand the remarkable recovery of this vital ecosystem.
Experiencing Gishwati: A Journey of Discovery
Currently, access is limited to the Gishwati Forest section of the national park, while Mukura Forest remains largely undeveloped, awaiting the creation of trails and visitor facilities. However, Gishwati itself offers a compelling range of activities and experiences, showcasing the remarkable biodiversity that has returned to the area after years of dedicated replanting and rehabilitation. The forest now boasts an impressive array of flora and fauna, including nearly 60 different species of trees, many of which are endemic to the Albertine Rift, a region renowned for its unique biodiversity.
Wildlife enthusiasts will be particularly drawn to Gishwati’s thriving primate population. The forest is home to a group of over 30 eastern chimpanzees, classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List, whose presence is a testament to the success of conservation efforts. Other primate species that can be spotted in the forest include the endangered golden monkey, the blue monkey, and L’Hoest’s monkey, a vulnerable forest species found primarily in the upper eastern Congo basin.
Beyond primates, Gishwati is also home to a diverse range of other mammals, including serval cats, side-striped jackals, red river hogs, and black-fronted duikers. For the best chance of spotting these elusive creatures, visitors can participate in guided nature hikes or dedicated primate tracking experiences, led by experienced local guides who possess an intimate knowledge of the forest and its inhabitants.
Birdwatchers will be delighted by the abundance of avian life in Gishwati, with over 232 species having been recorded within the park. Guided birding hikes offer the opportunity to observe a wide variety of colorful and fascinating birds, making Gishwati a true paradise for ornithologists.
However, a visit to Gishwati-Mukura National Park offers more than just wildlife encounters; it provides a profound opportunity to witness a critical conservation project in action and to appreciate the beauty of the Congo-Nile Divide forest as it once was. By supporting the park, visitors contribute directly to the ongoing efforts to restore and protect this vital ecosystem.
Community Engagement: A Cornerstone of Conservation
The success of Gishwati-Mukura National Park is inextricably linked to the involvement and support of the local communities that surround it. Forest of Hope, a key organization behind the park’s restoration, has established several community projects designed to ensure that the people living closest to the park benefit directly from its existence.
These projects include cooperatives for beekeepers, traditional healers, female crafters, and local farmers, providing opportunities for sustainable livelihoods and economic empowerment. Visitors can participate in community visits, gaining an authentic insight into Rwandan culture and learning about the traditional practices that have shaped the region for generations. A visit to the traditional dance group offers a vibrant and unforgettable cultural experience.
Exploring Gishwati: Guided Activities and Trails
Guided Primate Tracking
While primate tracking in Gishwati-Mukura National Park differs from the more established parks in Rwanda, the experience is arguably more rewarding due to its challenging nature. The chimpanzee troops in Gishwati have not yet been fully habituated, making them more difficult to find and approach. However, the thrill of encountering these magnificent creatures in their natural habitat is an experience that will stay with you long after you leave. Golden monkey tracking tours are also available, often with a higher success rate. All activities begin at the park office in the early morning and must be booked in advance.
Hiking Trails
Gishwati offers three well-marked trails for nature hikes, each accompanied by experienced local guides.
- Umushwati Trail: A 5-mile trek through the heart of the forest, offering the option of an out-and-back route or connection to other park trails.
- Waterfall Trail: A 4-mile hike leading to Gishwati’s impressive waterfalls, providing a refreshing and scenic experience.
- Matyazo Hill Trail: A steep, nearly 2-mile ascent to a hilltop offering panoramic views of the forest and surrounding landscape.
Regardless of the trail chosen, keep an eye out for the park’s diverse wildlife along the way.
Accommodation: The Forest of Hope Guest House
All visits to Gishwati-Mukura National Park are typically associated with a stay at the Forest of Hope Guest House, located on a hilltop overlooking the forest. This is the only accommodation option within the park, and park fees are included in the guest house rates, along with meals, selected drinks, guided activities, and community visits.
The guest house, situated at the Gishwati Research Station, features two recently renovated en-suite rooms, each with twin beds, mosquito nets, hot water, electricity, WiFi, and a private terrace offering stunning forest views.
Budget travelers can opt for the guest house’s campsite, which provides a roofed platform, toilet and shower facilities, a fire pit, a barbecue stand, and water for cooking and cleaning. Campers must bring their own supplies. Advance booking is essential for both the guesthouse and the campsite.
Getting There: Reaching Gishwati-Mukura
Gishwati-Mukura National Park is conveniently located on the main road between Rubavu and Karongi, making it relatively accessible. The nearest town is Rubavu, a 40-minute drive away.
Most visitors arrive via Kigali International Airport (KGL). From Kigali, the quickest route to the park is to head north on the RN4 towards Musanze, then southwest to the Pfunda Tea Factory intersection, where a left turn leads onto the Rubavu-Karongi road. The journey takes approximately four hours without stops. All activities must be booked at the park office, located next to the main road at the edge of the forest closest to Rubavu.
Accessibility
Unfortunately, Gishwati-Mukura National Park is currently not suitable for individuals with mobility issues due to the lack of accessible roads, rooms, and other facilities.
Tips for Your Visit
- Book accommodations and activities in advance.
- Pack appropriate clothing and footwear for hiking in a rainforest environment.
- Bring insect repellent, sunscreen, and a hat.
- Respect the environment and follow the instructions of your guides.
- Support the local community by purchasing crafts and participating in community activities.
- Be patient and observant while tracking wildlife.
- Embrace the opportunity to learn about conservation efforts and Rwandan culture.
A visit to Gishwati-Mukura National Park is an unforgettable experience, offering a unique blend of wildlife encounters, cultural immersion, and the opportunity to witness the power of ecological restoration. It is a journey that will leave you inspired and with a renewed appreciation for the importance of conservation.
