Biscayne National Park, a shimmering jewel nestled along Florida’s southeastern coast, presents a unique proposition within the U.S. National Park System. Established in 1980 to safeguard the northernmost Florida Keys and the breathtaking aquatic ecosystems surrounding them, this park distinguishes itself with its composition: a staggering 95 percent of its 173,000 acres is underwater. This defining characteristic transforms Biscayne National Park into a sought-after destination for water enthusiasts of all kinds – boaters seeking open horizons, fishing aficionados chasing the elusive catch, snorkelers and scuba divers eager to explore vibrant coral reefs, and paddlers drawn to the tranquil embrace of mangrove forests. Beyond the aquatic allure, the park promises balmy breezes, perpetually pleasant subtropical temperatures, wildlife-rich lagoons, and the allure of camping on verdant islands beneath the swaying canopy of palm trees.
The park’s diverse environment – encompassing shorelines, intricate mangrove systems, and 250 square miles of pristine water – provides a haven for an astonishing array of flora and fauna. This includes a multitude of tropical, subtropical, and marine species. Over 500 varieties of reef fish populate the underwater landscapes, creating a kaleidoscope of color and movement. A captivating assortment of birds, both resident and migratory, graces the skies and coastlines. Twenty species, facing the threat of endangerment, find refuge within the park’s boundaries. However, it’s important to be aware of the presence of insects. Beyond the natural wonders, Biscayne National Park holds a rich tapestry of human history, spanning over 10,000 years. This narrative begins with the migration of Paleo-Indians down the Florida Peninsula, followed by the arrival of the Tequesta people as sea levels rose, the era of European colonization, and continues to the present day.
This comprehensive guide aims to equip you with all the essential information needed to plan your visit to this captivating corner of the Sunshine State. Located a convenient distance from Miami, Everything to Know Before Visiting Biscayne National Park encompasses details on camping options, available activities, must-see attractions, and comprehensive directions for reaching this extraordinary destination.
Things to Do
Your exploration of Biscayne National Park should commence with a visit to the Dante Fascell Visitor Center. This central hub offers an insightful introduction to the park’s diverse ecosystems through captivating dioramas and informative exhibits. Engage with park rangers at the information desk, immerse yourself in the 20-minute park film titled "Connections," and appreciate the artistic interpretations of the park by local artists in the gallery. The center also offers a welcoming porch with rocking chairs.
Whether you prefer the freedom of sailing your own vessel or the immersive experience of swimming in the seagrass meadows near the shoreline, embracing the crystalline waters is an absolute must. Sailing and boating stand as two of the most favored activities within the park. Homestead Bayfront and Black Point Marinas offer direct access to the park’s aquatic wonders.
Enjoy a Sightseeing Tour
The Biscayne National Park Institute offers a diverse selection of private and small-group sightseeing tours, each designed to unveil a unique facet of the park’s beauty and history. Consider the snorkel experience, which includes a stop at a captivating shipwreck. The three-and-a-half-hour history boat tour welcomes visitors of all ages, featuring an island stop and frequent wildlife encounters. For a more active adventure, the guided paddleboard tour through the mangrove-lined waterways of Jones Lagoon is an excellent choice. This tour often rewards participants with sightings of baby sharks, upside-down jellyfish, rays, turtles, manatees, roseate spoonbills, and other avian species.
Get Out on the Water
For those seeking a more independent exploration, bringing your own canoe, kayak, or paddleboard opens up a world of possibilities. These vessels are ideal for navigating the intricate mangrove systems, shallow bays, lagoons, creeks, and channels south of Caesar Creek. A designated launch area near the parking lot offers free access. Many areas within the park are too shallow for motorized watercraft, granting paddlers exclusive access to these serene spots, fostering a sense of peace and solitude. Jones Lagoon and Hurricane Creek are particularly popular destinations. For experienced paddlers seeking a challenge, consider the 7-mile crossing of Biscayne Bay to Elliott or Boca Chita Keys.
Explore the Park on a Hike
While water-based activities such as boating, fishing, kiteboarding, and diving around coral reefs are central to the park’s identity, there are also opportunities for land-based exploration through hiking. Two trails meander through the tropical island landscape of Elliott Key. One trail extends the entire 7-mile length of the island, while the other is a 1-mile loop between the bay side and ocean side of Elliott Key, commencing at the marina. A short trail is also located near the jetty by the visitor center.
The Biscayne Birding Trail encompasses 10 distinct stops, including the Fowey Rocks historic lighthouse, Convoy Point, Black Point shoreline, several keys, and the Pacific Reef light. Shorebirds and seabirds, such as frigates, brown pelicans, and yellow-crowned night herons, are commonly observed. The park also hosts seasonal avian visitors and occasional species from the Caribbean. Everything to Know Before Visiting Biscayne National Park includes the fact that it also boasts one of the largest populations of mangrove cuckoos in Florida.
See the Houses of Stiltsville
Biscayne Bay is home to the unique overwater neighborhood known as Stiltsville, characterized by architecturally significant houses perched on stilts. After Hurricane Andrew’s devastation in 1992, only seven of these quirky houses, dating back to at least the 1930s, remained standing. The storied history of these homes, annexed into the park in 1985, includes the original Stiltsville pioneer selling bait, beer, and crawfish chowder, private social clubs featuring nude sunbathing decks, coverage in Life magazine, and repeated encounters with hurricane damage.
Public access to these properties is restricted and requires a permit. For inquiries regarding renting one of the homes for camera shoots, small conferences, artist-in-residence sessions, or small family gatherings (day-use only), contact the Stiltsville Trust at least three weeks prior to your planned visit. The Biscayne National Park Institute also offers a two-hour cruise to provide a closer look at the homes located in the northernmost corner of the park. This tour departs from Dinner Key Marina in Miami’s Coconut Grove.
Fishing in the Park
The vibrant waters of Biscayne Bay teem with hundreds of fish species, making it a premier destination for fishing. Common catches include spiny lobster (which cannot be taken out of the park), snapper, grouper, tarpon, and bonefish. A Florida saltwater fishing license is required for anyone over the age of 16. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission sells the necessary permits and establishes the governing regulations. Familiarize yourself with the local fishing rules before your visit.
Snorkeling and Scuba Diving
The Maritime Heritage Trail offers exciting opportunities for snorkeling and scuba diving around numerous shipwrecks. Six wrecks, spanning from 1878 to 1966, lie within Biscayne’s borders. These wrecks are accessible only by boat and are equipped with established mooring buoys. Mandalay is the shipwreck best suited for snorkelers. The base of the Fowey Rocks Lighthouse also provides decent snorkeling opportunities. Erl King, Alicia, and Lugano are the most suitable sunken ships for tank dives. The Biscayne National Park Institute offers a variety of snorkel and scuba tours for those seeking a guided experience.
Where to Camp
Two campgrounds are located within Biscayne National Park: Elliott Key and Boca Chita Key. Both are situated on islands within the park’s boundaries, requiring boat access. Fees are $35 per night for docking and camping or $25 per night for camping only. Payment must be made through Recreation.gov no later than sunset on the day of arrival. Advance reservations are not available.
Boca Chita Key is the more popular choice, offering waterfront views, grassy campsites, and swaying palm trees. Amenities include picnic tables, grills, and toilets, but there are no showers, sinks, or drinking water facilities.
Elliott Key, the park’s largest island, provides 33 boat slips in the marina, cold showers, sinks, picnic tables, grills, and drinking water. A group campsite for 10 or more people is located approximately a third of a mile from the main campground.
Both islands enforce quiet hours from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. Backcountry camping is prohibited, and all trash must be packed out.
Where to Stay
Biscayne National Park is located 33 miles from Homestead, Florida, and approximately 35 miles from Miami. Both cities offer a vast selection of hotels across various sizes, service levels, and price ranges.
How to Get There
Biscayne is located in Homestead, approximately 45 minutes south of Miami by car. The visitor center is situated at the end of 328th Street, just before the entrance to the Homestead Bayfront Marina. Access is available from the Florida Turnpike or U.S. Highway 1.
Accessibility
Access to the park beyond the mainland shore requires a boat. Several measures have been implemented to accommodate visitors with mobility and other challenges. Everything to Know Before Visiting Biscayne National Park should also include a visit to their official website for updated information.
Tips For Your Visit
- Pack plenty of sunscreen, insect repellent, and water.
- Wear appropriate clothing and footwear for outdoor activities.
- Be aware of the weather conditions and potential hazards.
- Respect the environment and follow park regulations.
- Make reservations for tours and camping in advance.
- Check the park’s website for updated information and alerts.
By following these tips and utilizing the information provided in this guide, you can ensure a memorable and enjoyable visit to Biscayne National Park.
