Ireland, a land of rolling green hills, ancient history, and vibrant culture, is dotted with numerous towns and cities, each possessing its unique character and charm. While Dublin and Belfast readily come to mind as major urban centers, many other settlements across the island contribute significantly to Ireland’s demographic landscape. This article explores Ireland’s 20 largest towns and cities, offering a glimpse into their distinguishing features, historical significance, and modern-day appeal. As we delve into this list of Ireland’s largest towns and cities, you’ll discover the fascinating stories behind these population hubs.
It’s worth noting that defining "city" and "town" in Ireland can be somewhat ambiguous. The Republic of Ireland officially recognizes only five cities, while the remaining settlements are categorized as towns or villages. Northern Ireland’s local government restructuring has further complicated matters, with some council areas encompassing large regions and classifying them as "towns" despite including numerous rural settlements.
Nevertheless, regardless of official designations, these 20 settlements represent the most populous areas in Ireland, playing vital roles in the country’s economic, social, and cultural fabric. So, let’s explore the list of Ireland’s largest towns and cities and uncover what makes them so unique.
- Dublin
Topping the list is Dublin, the capital of the Republic of Ireland and its largest city by a considerable margin. As of April 2020, the Central Statistics Office estimated Dublin’s population at 1.42 million, representing a remarkable 28.5% of the entire country’s population. This bustling metropolis is a vibrant hub of activity, blending historical landmarks with modern amenities.
Dublin Castle stands as a testament to the city’s rich past, while world-class museums like the National Museum of Ireland and the Irish Museum of Modern Art offer captivating cultural experiences. The city’s pub scene is legendary, with traditional establishments serving up hearty meals and lively music sessions. From upscale restaurants to cozy cafes, Dublin’s culinary landscape caters to diverse tastes. Exploring Dublin’s diverse neighborhoods is best done on foot, allowing visitors to fully appreciate the city’s unique character. With its blend of history, culture, and modern appeal, Dublin undoubtedly deserves its place as Ireland’s largest and most dynamic city.
- Belfast (Northern Ireland)
Located in Northern Ireland, Belfast ranks as the second-largest urban center on the island. With an urban population of 342,560, Belfast is a city steeped in history and known for its industrial heritage. Once a shipbuilding powerhouse, Belfast is famously the birthplace of the ill-fated H.M.S. Titanic. Today, the city boasts an impressive museum dedicated to the ship’s history, providing visitors with a captivating insight into this iconic vessel.
Beyond its maritime past, Belfast offers a vibrant cultural scene. The city’s Botanical Garden provides a tranquil escape, while Belfast Zoo is home to a diverse array of animals. Belfast’s culinary scene is thriving, with numerous restaurants and cafes offering a range of cuisines. Cozy pubs abound, providing the perfect setting to experience the city’s warm hospitality.
- Cork
Nestled on the banks of the River Lee, Cork exudes a unique charm that sets it apart from other Irish cities. With a population of 210,853, Cork is one of Ireland’s largest cities, yet it manages to retain a small-town feel, thanks to its welcoming atmosphere and relaxed pace of life.
Cork’s culinary scene is a major draw, with the English Market offering a delightful array of local produce and artisanal goods. History buffs will appreciate the Cork City Gaol, a historic prison that once housed convicts awaiting transportation to Australia. Locals proudly proclaim Cork as the "real capital of Ireland," reflecting their strong sense of hometown pride. From lively pubs to specialty coffee shops and contemporary art galleries, Cork offers a diverse range of experiences.
- Limerick
Situated in the province of Munster, Limerick holds the distinction of being Ireland’s third-largest city. While its urban population is smaller than Cork’s, Limerick boasts a significant regional influence, with half a million people residing within a 60-minute drive of the city.
Limerick’s association with humorous short poems is well-known, and locals are always ready to share a joke or two. The city’s waterfront has undergone significant revitalization, creating a vibrant public space. Literary enthusiasts can explore the Frank McCourt Museum, dedicated to the life and works of the renowned author of Angela’s Ashes.
- Derry City
Located in Northern Ireland, close to the border with County Donegal, Derry City (officially Londonderry) is the second-largest city in Northern Ireland. The local government district of Derry City and Strabane is home to an estimated 151,109 people.
Derry is renowned for its well-preserved city walls, dating back to the 17th century. These walls offer panoramic views of the modern city and serve as a reminder of Derry’s historical significance. Derry played a crucial role in Irish history during "The Troubles," and the Free Derry Corner stands as a poignant memorial to those turbulent times.
- Galway City
Galway City, a charming college town on the west coast of Ireland, is home to 79,934 residents. The city’s population swells significantly during the Galway Races, a popular annual event.
Centered around Eyre Square, Galway City extends along the banks of the River Corrib, stretching towards Galway Bay. The city is a haven for live music, with many pubs hosting traditional Irish music sessions nightly. The Spanish Arch and medieval lanes add to Galway’s historical appeal. Legend has it that Christopher Columbus visited the Cathedral before embarking on his voyage to the New World.
- Lisburn (Northern Ireland)
Located just eight miles outside Belfast, Lisburn is part of the Belfast Metropolitan Area. The local government district of Lisburn and Castlereagh has a population of 146,452.
Lisburn’s history dates back to 1620, and its Tuesday market has been a tradition since 1628. The city was granted city status in 2002 as part of the Golden Jubilee celebrations. Lisburn has a long-standing reputation for linen production, and the city’s museum showcases the history of local manufacturing. The pedestrianized city center and green parks make Lisburn an ideal place for a leisurely stroll.
- Newtownabbey (Northern Ireland)
Situated just outside Belfast in County Antrim, Newtownabbey is part of the Antrim and Newtownabbey local government district, with a population of 143,756.
Newtownabbey was formed in 1958 through the merger of seven villages. Belfast Zoo is located within Newtownabbey, and the shores of Belfast Lough attract numerous wild birds. Newtownabbey serves as a convenient base for exploring the nearby mountains and planning fishing trips.
- Ballymena (Northern Ireland)
Located in County Antrim, Ballymena is home to 67,410 residents. The town is close to Slemish Mountain, associated with Saint Patrick’s early life.
Ballymena is the hometown of actor Liam Neeson, who has been honored by the local council. The town boasts several golf courses and natural green spaces, including Glenariff Forest Park, a filming location for the Game of Thrones television series.
- Bangor (Northern Ireland)
Bangor, with a population of 61,011, is part of the Belfast Metropolitan Area, located on the southern shores of Belfast Lough.
A popular seaside resort since the Victorian era, Bangor offers coastal walks and a lively marina. Bangor Castle and Bangor Abbey, a significant medieval monastery, are among the town’s notable landmarks.
- Waterford City
Waterford, with a population of 53,504, is the oldest city in Ireland, founded by Vikings in 914 AD. The city’s name originates from the Old Norse term for "ram (wether) fjord."
Waterford is renowned for its glassmaking heritage, particularly Waterford Crystal. The Waterford Museum of Treasures showcases archaeological finds dating back to the Viking era.
- Drogheda
Drogheda, with 40,956 inhabitants, straddles the border between County Louth and County Meath.
The town lies near Newgrange, a complex of prehistoric monuments and one of Ireland’s top attractions. Drogheda serves as a commuter town for Dublin, but it also offers a range of attractions in its own right.
- Swords
Swords, with a population of 39,248, is one of the largest towns in the greater Dublin metropolitan area.
Legend has it that Swords was founded in 560 AD when Saint Colmcille blessed a local well, declaring it "Sord" (pure). Swords Castle is a prominent landmark, and the town’s proximity to Dublin Airport makes it a convenient location for travelers.
- Dundalk
Dundalk, with 39,004 residents, is located in County Louth, close to the border with Northern Ireland.
The town lies roughly halfway between Dublin and Belfast and is associated with the Irish mythical figure Cú Chulainn. Dundalk features archaeological treasures and the ruins of several castles and forts.
- Bray
Bray, with 32,600 residents, is the largest town in County Wicklow, located just 12 miles south of Dublin.
A popular seaside destination, Bray is easily accessible from Dublin via the DART. The town offers a beach, a scenic cliff walk at Bray Head, and attractions like the Sea Life Centre and a horse riding school.
- Navan
Navan, with 30,173 residents, is located in County Meath. The town’s name is a palindrome, spelled the same backward and forward.
Navan is close to the Hill of Tara, a significant hill fort in Irish history. The town also offers pubs and Causey Farm, a working farm that provides tours and activities.
- Newtownards (Northern Ireland)
Newtownards, with 28,050 residents, is part of the greater Belfast metropolitan area, located on the Ards Peninsula in County Down.
The town is known for Scrabo Tower, a hilltop monument to Charles Stewart. Several ruined abbeys can be found just outside Newtownards.
- Newry (Northern Ireland)
The local government district of Newry, Mourne, and Down has a population of 181,700, spread across County Down and County Armagh.
Newry was granted city status in 2002. The town is known for its shopping centers and its proximity to the Mourne Mountains and Ring of Gullion.
- Carrickfergus (Northern Ireland)
Carrickfergus, with 27,998 residents, lies on the northern side of Belfast Lough, just 11 miles outside Belfast.
Settled around 1170, Carrickfergus is older than Belfast. The town is known for its marina and the Irish folk song "Carrickfergus," which tells the story of an emigrant longing for home.
- Kilkenny
Kilkenny, with a population of 26,512, is the county town of County Kilkenny in Leinster. This list of Ireland’s largest towns and cities would not be complete without it.
Kilkenny became a brewing center in the 17th century and is still known for its beer, including Kilkenny Irish cream ale. The town boasts well-preserved medieval structures, such as Kilkenny Castle and St. Canice’s Cathedral, as well as gardens, art galleries, and handicraft workshops.
Ireland’s 20 largest towns and cities each offer a unique glimpse into the country’s rich history, vibrant culture, and modern-day appeal. From the bustling metropolis of Dublin to the charming towns of the countryside, these settlements represent the diverse tapestry of Irish life. Exploring these urban centers provides a deeper understanding of Ireland’s identity and its people.
